When tallied according to number of native speakers only, these are the most spoken languages in the world. Top 10 Languages By Number Of Native Speakers The numbers below are taken compiled by Ethnologue, which is widely considered the most complete language data source currently in existence.īut then again, who doesn’t love a good list? So we’ve compiled two versions for you. We haven’t even yet acknowledged the unreliability of data sources, collected at different times by different institutions. “Hindi” is also used as a catchall term to cover numerous dialects and sub-dialects. More troubling is the fact that what we refer to simply as “Chinese” is actually a whole family of languages conveniently lumped into a single category. What constitutes a language or a dialect is hotly contested stuff. One small caveat: Assigning hard data, in the form of “X million native speakers,” to any of these languages is practically impossible. We can say with some confidence that Mandarin, English, Spanish and Arabic will make an appearance (and roughly in what order), but there are some surprises, too! Would you have guessed that Bengali is in the top 10 most spoken languages? Finally, the IP Court’s explanations on the burden of proof will make current and upcoming pharma patent disputes more predictable.Determining what are the most spoken languages in the world is a more difficult task than you might imagine. On the other hand, patent holders have obtained an effective remedy against bad faith practices of generic companies. On the one hand, it does not impede good faith generic companies to prepare for their launches in advance (following the Term and Action tests). Nativa (2018) is far more balanced for the industry. We believe that the IP Court’s approach in Novartis vs. In doing so, the courts used to rely on Bolar Principle interpreting such clearly profit-driven actions as registration of price to be preparatory actions that cannot bear threat of infringement (Celgene Corporation vs. Farm-Syntez, case А40-65668/2008), the inferior courts used to turn a blind eye to commercialization of generic drugs until the patent expiry. Starting from 2009, when the Supreme Commercial Court abandoned a generic drug for the first time (Novartis AG vs. We believe that this case should positively influence protection of pharma patents in Russia. Mere demonstration of real risk of infringement shall suffice.īased on these arguments, the IP Court abandoned to market and sell the copycat of Tasigna in Russia until the patent expiry. To evidence threat of infringement, the patent holder does not have to present commercial documents on sales of the generic drugs (invoices, bills, tender results). The list of such actions is open-ended, but may comprise (1) conduction of bioequivalence studies, (2) obtaining the MA, (3) registration of price, (4) application for the reimbursement.
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